💰 Hidden Costs and Total Housing Expenses

Hidden Costs of Renting

Ongoing Monthly Costs:

Power (electricity):

• Typical: $150-250/month depending on property size, insulation, heating
• Higher in winter (heating)
• Varies by household size and usage
• Often not included in rent (except some apartments)

Internet:

• Cost: $80-100/month for decent plan
• Essential for work-from-home, study, entertainment
• Rarely included in rent
• Setup fee for new connections ($50-100)

Contents insurance:

• Cost: $15-30/month typical
• Covers your belongings if damaged/stolen
• Not mandatory but highly recommended
• Landlord's insurance only covers building, not your stuff

Water:

• Usually included in rent for houses
• Sometimes charged separately in apartments
• If charged: ~$30-60/month

Parking:

• City apartments: $50-200/week additional for carpark
• Street parking: Free but competitive
• Permit zones: Annual permit fee

Transport:

• Cheaper rent often means longer commute
• Must factor transport cost vs rent savings
• Public transport: $150-300/month in cities
• Fuel and parking: $200-500/month

Initial/One-Time Costs:

Bond (rental deposit):

• Typically: 4 weeks rent (6 weeks for fully furnished)
• Held by Tenancy Services
• Example: $400/week rent = $1,600 bond
• Returned at end if property undamaged

Advance rent:

• Usually: 2 weeks in advance (sometimes up to 4 weeks)
• Paid before moving in
• Example: $400/week × 2 weeks = $800 advance

Moving costs:

• Truck rental: $150-300
• Professional movers: $500-1,500 depending on amount and distance
• Cleaning previous property: $150-300 (or DIY)
• Connection fees: Power, internet setup

Furnishing/Setup:

• Unfurnished rentals need furniture
• Basic setup: $1,000-3,000 minimum
• Appliances if not included: Fridge, washing machine, dryer
• Curtains/blinds: $200-1,000

Total Housing Cost Example:

Scenario: $400/week rent

Monthly costs:

• Rent: $1,733 ($400 × 52 ÷ 12)
• Power: $180
• Internet: $90
• Contents insurance: $25
• Total monthly: $2,028

Initial costs (one-time):

• Bond: $1,600
• Advance rent: $800
• Moving: $800
• Total initial: $3,200

Income needed:

• Using 30% rule: $2,028 ÷ 0.30 = $6,760 gross monthly income
• Annual: $81,120
• Many see just $400/week and think affordable on $60k, but total housing is $2k+/month

The 50/30/20 Budgeting Rule Applied to Rent

Alternative framework for rent affordability:

• 50% needs: Essentials - rent, food, transport, utilities, insurance
• 30% wants: Discretionary - dining, entertainment, hobbies, subscriptions
• 20% savings: Emergency fund, goals, retirement

Rent is part of "needs" category. If rent alone is 40-50% of income, leaves no room for other needs, let alone wants or savings.

👥 Flatting vs Renting Alone

Flatting (Shared Rental)

How It Works:

Multiple people (usually 2-6) rent a property together, each paying a portion of total rent and shared costs. Most common for young adults, students, and singles in expensive cities.

Cost Advantages:

Lower individual rent:

• $600/week house split 3 ways = $200/week each
• vs $350/week for equivalent solo studio
• Savings: $150/week ($650/month)

Shared utilities:

• Power: $250/month ÷ 3 = $83 each vs $180 alone
• Internet: $90 ÷ 3 = $30 each vs $90 alone
• Total utility savings: ~$160/month

Shared initial costs:

• Bond: Each pays their room portion only
• Furniture: Common areas split cost
• Moving: Can share truck/movers

Non-Financial Benefits:

• Social connection (especially important when moving to new city)
• Shared household tasks
• Security (someone home if you're away)
• Flexibility (easier to find flatmate than new tenant)

Downsides and Risks:

Lack of privacy:

• Shared living spaces
• Noise from flatmates
• Need to coordinate bathroom, kitchen use
• Limited alone time

Interpersonal conflicts:

• Different cleanliness standards
• Noise tolerance differences
• Shared food/supplies disputes
• Guest/partner overnight disagreements

Financial dependencies:

• If flatmate doesn't pay their share, you may need to cover
• If flatmate leaves unexpectedly, scramble to find replacement
• All tenants usually jointly liable on lease

Renting Alone (Solo Tenancy)

Cost Reality:

Significantly more expensive per person:

• Pay full rent (no splitting)
• Pay all utilities alone
• Full bond and advance rent
• All furnishing costs

Advantages:

Full control and privacy:

• Your space, your rules
• No noise from flatmates
• Decorate as you wish
• Bathroom/kitchen whenever you want

No interpersonal drama:

• No flatmate conflicts
• No shared responsibility stress
• Cleanliness entirely your standard

Simplicity:

• One lease, one person responsible
• No coordinating bills or payments
• No finding replacement flatmates

Disadvantages:

Much higher cost:

• Typically 50-100% more expensive than flatting
• Consumes larger portion of income
• Less money for savings, goals, lifestyle

All risk on you:

• If you lose job, full rent burden
• If income drops, no one to share costs
• All utilities spike in winter - you pay all
• Harder to break lease (need to find new tenant yourself)

Isolation risk:

• Living alone can be lonely, especially in new city
• No built-in social connection
• Important to maintain active social life outside home

Decision Framework:

Choose flatting if:

• Budget is tight (rent would exceed 35% of income alone)
• New to city and want social connection
• Income is unstable or entry-level
• Okay with compromise and shared living
• Want to save money aggressively

Choose solo if:

• Can comfortably afford (rent under 30% of income)
• Value privacy and control highly
• Have stable income and emergency fund
• Had negative past flatting experiences
• Work from home and need quiet/space

🔍 Stress Testing and NZ Scenario

Stress Testing Your Rent

Why Stress Test:

Testing whether rent remains affordable under adverse circumstances prevents financial crisis:

• Job loss or income reduction
• Rent increases at lease renewal
• Unexpected expenses
• Utility cost increases
• Life changes (relationship breakdown, health issues)

Stress Test Scenarios:

1. Income Loss Test:

• Can you afford rent if income drops 20-30%?
• How long could you manage on savings?
• What if lose job and on benefit (~$300/week single)?

Example:

• Current income: $1,000/week net
• Current rent: $300/week (30% of gross, ~35% of net)
• Income drops to $700/week
• Rent now: 43% of net income
• Can you afford? Maybe barely, but stressed

2. Rent Increase Test:

• Can you afford 10% rent increase at renewal?
• NZ law allows increases every 12 months
• Market rate increases common in tight markets

Example:

• Current rent: $400/week
• 10% increase: $440/week
• Extra cost: $173/month
• Where does this come from in budget?

3. Unexpected Expense Test:

• Can you handle $1,000 emergency expense?
• Car repair, medical, urgent travel, appliance replacement
• Without emergency fund, creates crisis

4. Utility Spike Test:

• Winter power bills can double
• Can you afford $100-150/month extra for few months?
• Poor insulation amplifies this

Building in Safety Margins:

The 25% target:

• If can keep rent to 25% instead of 30%, creates cushion
• Extra 5% acts as buffer for increases, income changes
• Easier to absorb shocks

Emergency fund requirement:

• Minimum: 3 months rent + living costs
• Better: 3-6 months full expenses
• Provides breathing room if income disruption

NZ Scenario: Emma, Wellington Graduate

Background:

• Emma: 23, just graduated, starting first job in Wellington
• Salary: $55,000 ($1,058/week gross, ~$880/week net after tax and student loan)
• Moving from Auckland (where stayed with parents)
• Has $3,000 saved for moving costs

Emma's Options:

Option 1: Studio Apartment in Mt Victoria

• Rent: $500/week
• Pros: Central location, 10 min walk to work, own space, no flatmates
• Cons: Small (25sqm), basic amenities, no parking

Monthly costs:

• Rent: $2,167 ($500 × 52 ÷ 12)
• Power: $150 (small space, but electric heating)
• Internet: $90
• Contents insurance: $25
• Total housing: $2,432/month
• As % of gross: 53% (way over 30% rule)
• As % of net: 64% (unsustainable)

Option 2: Flatting in Newtown (3-bedroom, 3 people)

• Emma's rent: $350/week (room in shared house)
• Pros: Cheaper, larger space, flatmates for social connection, shared costs
• Cons: 25 min bus to work, shared bathroom/kitchen, flatmate dynamics

Monthly costs:

• Rent: $1,517
• Power (split): $80
• Internet (split): $30
• Contents insurance: $20
• Bus pass: $180
• Total housing + transport: $1,827/month
• As % of gross: 40% (above ideal but closer)
• As % of net: 48% (tight but manageable)

Emma's Analysis:

Studio breakdown:

• Monthly net income: ~$3,813
• After housing ($2,432): $1,381 remaining
• Food: $400
• Phone: $50
• Personal care: $80
• Remaining: $851 for everything else (discretionary, savings, emergencies)
• Stress test: If income drops 20%, can't afford

Flat breakdown:

• Monthly net income: ~$3,813
• After housing ($1,827): $1,986 remaining
• Food: $400
• Phone: $50
• Personal care: $80
• Remaining: $1,456 for discretionary, savings, emergencies
• Stress test: If income drops 20%, tight but survivable with adjustments

Emma's Decision:

Emma chose the flat in Newtown. Reasoning:

• Studio felt financially reckless - too much of income
• Wanted to build emergency fund (currently only $3k)
• 25 min bus commute manageable, could read or podcast
• New to Wellington - flatmates would help settle in
• Could save $600+/month vs studio
• Lower risk if job doesn't work out

One Year Later:

• Emma settled well with flatmates (one became good friend)
• Saved $7,000 in emergency fund
• Got small raise to $58,000
• Rent increased to $365/week (manageable with raise)
• Plans to reassess after 2 years - maybe afford solo then
• Glad she didn't stretch for studio initially

Rent Affordability Checklist

Before Viewing Properties:

• ☐ Calculate gross monthly income: $______
• ☐ Calculate net monthly income: $______
• ☐ 30% of gross income = max $______ rent
• ☐ Factor in utilities (~$300/month): Total housing budget $______
• ☐ Calculate move-in costs needed (bond + advance): $______
• ☐ Verify have move-in costs plus buffer

Evaluating Specific Property:

• ☐ Weekly rent: $______
• ☐ Monthly rent: $______ (weekly × 52 ÷ 12)
• ☐ Estimated power: $______/month
• ☐ Internet: $______/month
• ☐ Transport costs: $______/month
• ☐ Parking (if needed): $______/month
• ☐ Total monthly housing cost: $______
• ☐ As % of gross income: ______%
• ☐ Under 30%? Yes / No
• ☐ As % of net income: ______%
• ☐ Leaves enough for food, essentials, savings? Yes / No

Stress Tests:

• ☐ Can afford if income drops 20%? Yes / No
• ☐ Can afford 10% rent increase? Yes / No
• ☐ Have 3+ months expenses in emergency fund? Yes / No
• ☐ Can handle $1,000 unexpected expense? Yes / No

Flatting Considerations:

• ☐ Comfortable living with others? Yes / No
• ☐ Understand joint tenancy obligations? Yes / No
• ☐ Met potential flatmates and feel compatible? Yes / No
• ☐ Clear flat agreement about bills, cleanliness, guests? Yes / No

Final Decision:

• ☐ Rent affordable (under 30% gross)? Yes / No
• ☐ Total housing under 40% gross? Yes / No
• ☐ Passes stress tests? Yes / No
• ☐ Comfortable with trade-offs? Yes / No
• ☐ Won't become "rent poor"? Yes / No

Final insight: Rent affordability in NZ: getting approved doesn't mean safe. Landlords check income ratio (2.5-3x rent), references, credit - not whether sustainable for you. 30% rule: max 30% gross income on rent. Example: $60k income → max $1,500/month rent. Gross vs net: rule uses gross (before tax), but net (take-home) determines actual available funds. Hidden costs add hundreds: power ($150-250), internet ($80-100), insurance ($15-30), transport, parking. Initial costs: bond (4 weeks), advance rent (2-4 weeks), moving ($500-1,500). Flatting vs solo: flatting ~50% cheaper per person, shared costs/risks, less privacy; solo expensive, full control, vulnerable to income shock. Stress testing essential: can afford if income drops 20%? Rent increases 10%? Unexpected $1k expense? Wellington scenario: Emma earning $55k chose $350/week flat over $500/week studio - avoided being "rent poor", built emergency fund. Rent checklist: calculate 30% limit, add hidden costs, stress test, verify affordable. Affordable rent leaves room for food, savings, discretionary spending, emergency fund - without constant financial anxiety or becoming trapped.